In 2009, Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes enrollment rose 3.4 percent after a correction was found, resulting One correction affects every subsequent generation’s blood quantum. As of now, Friedlander’s children would be 15⁄512 short of enrollment. ![]() Friedlander will need to file paperwork to add her biological father’s blood to her quantum if in the future she wants Her total amount is actually higher because her biological father is also enrolled. Friedlander’s blood quantum, 113⁄256, currently only reflects the amount of tribal blood she obtained from Tiana Antoine with Her Daughters, Mar’rah and PrairieĮleven-year-old Mar’rah Friedlander is Tiana Antoine’s daughter from a previous relationship. Irvine shows how blood quantum requirements are increasingly putting pressures on Native Americans’ lives. They share theirĭeep personal, social and political concerns about the blood quantum system, which can impact Native Americans’ most personal decisions-including with whom they have children. government’s detrimental use of the term “blood quantum”ĭuring the 19th century and early 20th century to associate a Native person’s level of intelligence with their supposed amount of Native versus Euro-American or other blood.įor Reservation Mathematics: Navigating Love in Native America, photojournalist Tailyr Irvine interviewed Indigenous residents in Missoula and on her Flathead Indian Reservation in western Montana. Moreover, they call attention to the U.S. Many scholars argue that blood quantum requirements were calculated to reduce tribal enrollment over time. Still use this method for determining eligibility for tribal enrollment, other Native nations use documentation of a person’s descent from an enrollee on a designated tribal roll or census records. government began imposing this system on tribes as a means of defining and limiting citizenship. ![]() The concept of using so-called “blood quantum”-or amount of tribal affiliation in a person’s ancestry-toĭetermine tribal enrollment eligibility has no basis in Native American traditions. Blood quantum requirements for tribal enrollment pose many challenges for Native Americans.
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